UK and US visa statistics

The UK granted 23.2 million electronic travel authorisations (ETAs) in the year to June 2026. That is more than ten times the 2.2 million visitor visas it granted over the same period. In the United States, the State Department issued 10,969,936 nonimmigrant visas in fiscal year 2024, the highest total in the ten years covered by its published tables.

Behind those headline numbers, the picture is changing fast. One in five UK visitor visa applications is now refused, up from around one in eight in 2019. UK work visas have fallen by almost two thirds from their peak. US visitor visa refusal rates rose for most nationalities in 2025. Student visas are falling in both countries.

visaentryrules.com has compiled the latest official UK and US visa statistics to show who is applying, who is being refused and how the numbers have moved over time. Every figure comes from the Home Office or the US Department of State. Figures are as at September 2026.

On this page

• Top 10 must know UK and US visa statistics
• How many visas does the UK grant?
• How many visas does the US issue?
• Which nationalities receive the most visas?
• Visa refusal rates
• Student visa statistics
• Work visa statistics
• Family and partner visa statistics
• Visitor visas and travel authorisations
• What happens after a visa is granted
• What is changing
• UK and US visa statistics FAQs
• Sources and methodology

Top 10 must know UK and US visa statistics

1. 1. 1. The UK granted 23.2 million ETAs and 2.2 million visitor visas in the year ending June 2026, around ten ETAs for every visitor visa.
      2. UK work visas fell to 234,841 in the year ending June 2026, 62% below the peak of 613,627 in the year ending December 2023.
      3. Health and Care Worker visas issued to care workers fell by more than 99%, from 107,772 to 344, after overseas recruitment of care workers ended in July 2025.
      4. UK sponsored study visas fell to 383,455, 41% below the peak of 652,072 in the year ending June 2023.
      5. The US issued 10,969,936 nonimmigrant visas in fiscal year 2024, a quarter (25.5%) more than in fiscal year 2019.
      6. Four nationalities (Mexico, India, Brazil and China) received more than half (52.6%) of all US nonimmigrant visas in fiscal year 2024.
      7. US visitor visa refusal rates rose for 142 of the 198 nationalities listed in fiscal year 2025. Laos had the highest rate at 84.35%.
      8. More than two in five (41.0%) US F1 student visa applications were still refused at the end of fiscal year 2024.
      9. The UK refused 558,153 visitor visa applications in the year ending June 2026, a refusal rate of 20.3%. At the £127 minimum fee, applicants paid at least £70.9 million for applications that were refused.
      10. Pakistani nationals received the most UK family visas (8,251). US nationals were second, and one of the few nationalities where family visa grants rose (up 16%).

How many visas does the UK grant?

The UK granted 2.2 million visitor visas, 19,684 transit visas and 727,487 other entry clearance visas in the year ending June 2026. It also granted 23.2 million ETAs to visitors who do not need a visa.

Non visit visas fell by around a seventh (15%) compared with the previous year, mainly because fewer work and study visas were issued.

UK visas granted by purpose, year ending June 2026

(Source: Home Office. Shares calculated by visaentryrules.com)

More than half (53.1%) of all non visit visas were for study. Work visas made up around a third (32.3%). “Other” covers routes such as the Ukraine schemes, British National (Overseas) visas and EU Settlement Scheme family permits.

The UK recorded 136.8 million passenger arrivals in the same year, and 57% of them were British nationals. Visas and ETAs cover far fewer people than that, because many travellers need neither and one visa can cover several trips.

How UK work and study visas have changed over time

(Source: Home Office. YE = year ending)

Both routes grew sharply after 2021 and have fallen since the policy changes announced in December 2023. Work visas are now at around three eighths of their peak.

How many visas does the US issue?

The US Department of State issued 10,969,936 nonimmigrant visas in fiscal year 2024 (1 October 2023 to 30 September 2024). That was 5.1% more than in fiscal year 2023 and 25.5% more than in fiscal year 2019, before the pandemic.

Fiscal year 2024 is the latest full year in the State Department’s annual tables. As at September 2026, the fiscal year 2025 Report of the Visa Office had not been added to its statistics pages.

US nonimmigrant visas issued, fiscal years 2015 to 2024

(Source: US Department of State, Table XVII. Year on year changes calculated by visaentryrules.com)

Issuance fell every year from 2015 to 2019, then collapsed when US consulates suspended routine visa services in March 2020. By 2024 it had passed its 2015 level.

US visas issued by world region, fiscal year 2024

(Source: US Department of State, Table XVII. Shares and changes calculated by visaentryrules.com)

The Americas drove the growth. Visas issued to South American nationals rose by almost three quarters (73.0%) between 2019 and 2024, and North American visas by around three fifths (59.7%). Asia is still the largest region, but it remains just below its 2019 level (down 0.5%).

Africa was the only large region where issuance fell in 2024, down almost a tenth (9.7%) on 2023.

Which nationalities receive the most visas?

Top 15 nationalities for US visas, fiscal year 2024

(Source: US Department of State, Table XVII. Figures include border crossing cards. Shares and changes calculated by visaentryrules.com)

Mexican nationals received more than one in five (22.0%) US nonimmigrant visas. This total includes 1,871,765 border crossing cards issued worldwide, most of which go to Mexican nationals.

Chinese nationals received almost twice as many visas in 2024 as in 2023 (up 96.3%). But the 2024 total is still less than a third (31.2%) of the 2,626,584 issued in 2015. Since November 2014, the US and China have issued ten year visitor visas to each other’s nationals, so many Chinese travellers no longer need to reapply often.

Colombian nationals received more than twice as many visas as in 2019 (up 117.8%). Pakistani visas also more than doubled over the same period (up 112.0%).

Nationalities with the biggest changes

(Source: US Department of State, Table XVII. Changes calculated by visaentryrules.com)

Nigeria is also well below its earlier level. Nigerian nationals received 87,279 US visas in 2024, less than half (48.7%) of the 179,145 issued in 2016. Their total fell by almost a quarter (23.2%) between 2023 and 2024.

How the Visa Waiver Program changes the numbers

Three of the four biggest falls are explained by the Visa Waiver Program. When a country joins, most of its nationals travel on an ESTA instead of a visa, so visa issuance drops.

(Sources: US Department of State, Table XVII. Designation dates from the Congressional Research Service, DHS and the Federal Register)

Israel’s visa total fell by around three quarters (76.4%) in its first full year in the program. Romania joined in March 2025, so its effect will show in the fiscal year 2025 and 2026 figures.

Top nationalities for UK visas, year ending June 2026

(Source: Home Office)

Indian nationals top the UK tables for both visitor visas and Graduate route extensions. Chinese nationals still lead for sponsored study, but by fewer than 4,000 visas.

Seasonal Worker visas show a sharp change in origin. Central Asian nationals, from countries such as Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, received almost four fifths (79%) of these visas. Ukrainian nationals received 19,894 Seasonal Worker visas in the year ending December 2021, but only 429 in the latest year.

Visa refusal rates

US visitor visa refusal rates by nationality, fiscal year 2025

The State Department publishes an adjusted refusal rate for B (business and tourism) visas each year. It counts each applicant once, using their status at the end of the year.

The median rate across nationalities rose from 29.2% in fiscal year 2024 to 33.1% in fiscal year 2025. The number of nationalities with a rate above 50% rose from 36 to 56. These counts exclude 16 very small states where a handful of applications can swing the rate.

Highest US visitor visa refusal rates, fiscal year 2025

(Source: US Department of State, adjusted refusal rates for B visas, FY2024 and FY2025)

Twelve of the 15 highest rates were for African nationalities. More than seven in ten B visa applicants from Laos, Somalia, South Sudan, The Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Senegal, Liberia, Togo, Burkina Faso, Cuba and Sierra Leone ended the year refused.

Lowest US visitor visa refusal rates, fiscal year 2025

(Source: US Department of State. Excludes very small states)

On these figures, an applicant from Laos was around 39 times more likely to end the year refused than an applicant from the UAE. This ratio is calculated by visaentryrules.com.

Biggest changes in US visitor visa refusal rates, 2024 to 2025

(Source: US Department of State. Changes calculated by visaentryrules.com)

Refusal rates rose for 142 of the 198 nationalities listed and fell for 53. Nepal’s rate rose by 20 percentage points, so around seven in ten Nepalese applicants now end the year refused.

US visitor visa refusal rates for major travel markets

(Source: US Department of State. Changes calculated by visaentryrules.com)

Among the largest markets, Nigeria saw the biggest rise, with more than half (57.00%) of applicants refused. The rate for Mexico, the largest single source of US visas, rose by more than half, from 13.87% to 21.36%. China was one of the few large markets where the rate fell.

Why British and Canadian refusal rates look high

British applicants had a 20.44% refusal rate and Canadian applicants 53.10%. These figures do not mean most British or Canadian travellers are refused.

Most British citizens visit the US on an ESTA under the Visa Waiver Program, and most Canadian citizens do not need a visa to visit. The people who apply for a B visa from these countries are usually those who cannot use the normal route. The State Department notes that rates for Visa Waiver Program countries only reflect applications made at consulates, so they tend to be higher than they would otherwise be.

US refusals by visa category, fiscal year 2024

(Source: US Department of State, NIV Workload by Visa Category FY2024. Shares calculated by visaentryrules.com)

Student visas had the highest refusal share of the major categories, at more than two in five (41.0%). H1B visas had one of the lowest, at under 3%. H1B applicants have an approved petition from US Citizenship and Immigration Services before they apply for the visa.

The refused totals count applications still refused at the end of the year. They are not the same measure as the adjusted refusal rates above.

UK visa refusal rates by route

The Home Office publishes every visa decision by nationality and outcome in its detailed entry clearance dataset (Vis_D02). visaentryrules.com has used that dataset to calculate refusal rates for every route. A refusal rate here is refused applications divided by issued plus refused. Withdrawn and lapsed applications are left out.

(Source: Home Office, Vis_D02. Refusal rates calculated by visaentryrules.com)

Almost nine in ten (87.6%) UK visa refusals were for visitor visas. Study visas had the lowest refusal rate, at around one in twenty.

UK visitor visa refusal rate over time

(Source: Home Office, Vis_D02. Refusal rates calculated by visaentryrules.com)

The visitor refusal rate has been at or above 19% every year since 2021. Before the pandemic it had not been above 17% since 2007. In 2025 the UK refused more visitor applications (569,494) than in any year since the dataset began in 2005.

UK visitor visa refusal rates by nationality, YE June 2026

(Source: Home Office, Vis_D02. Top 15 nationalities by visitor visas issued. Refusal rates calculated by visaentryrules.com)

More than two in five Pakistani (43.2%) and Ghanaian (42.4%) visitor applicants were refused. The rate for Chinese applicants was 7.7%, around a sixth of the Pakistani rate.

Indian, Pakistani and Nigerian nationals together accounted for 240,482 visitor refusals, more than two in five (43.1%) of the UK total.

Highest UK visitor visa refusal rates, YE June 2026

(Source: Home Office, Vis_D02. Nationalities with at least 5,000 decisions. Refusal rates calculated by visaentryrules.com)

Bangladesh had the highest refusal rate of any large market. More than half (54.9%) of Bangladeshi visitor applicants were refused, from almost 39,000 decisions.

Algeria saw the biggest fall, down more than 10 percentage points. Iraq (up 7.6 points), Jamaica (up 6.7 points) and Zimbabwe (up 5.9 points) saw the biggest rises among larger markets.

The lowest refusal rates among larger markets were for Serbia (4.2%), South Africa (4.4%), Ukraine (6.5%), Russia (6.8%) and China (7.7%).

How much do refused UK visitor applications cost?

Visitor visa fees are not refunded when an application is refused. The standard six month visitor visa cost £127 until 8 April 2026, when it rose to £135.

(Source: refusals from Home Office, Vis_D02. Estimate by visaentryrules.com at £127 per application)

This is a conservative estimate. It uses the lower £127 fee for every refusal. Some applicants will have paid the higher £135 fee, applied for long term visas costing up to £1,128, or paid for priority processing and visa application centre services.

UK refusal rates for work, study and family visas by nationality

(Source: Home Office, Vis_D02. Minimum decisions: work and study 1,000, family 500. Refusal rates calculated by visaentryrules.com)

Refusal rates for Nigerian students more than doubled, from 5.2% to 11.6%. Zimbabwean work visa refusals rose by almost 13 percentage points to 33.2%, and Ghanaian refusals by more than 10 points to 44.8%.

Bangladeshi study refusals moved the other way, falling from 25.7% to 15.1%. Pakistani work refusals fell from 30.8% to 23.4%.

UK refusal rates by visa type

(Source: Home Office, Vis_D02. Visa types with more than 1,000 decisions. Refusal rates calculated by visaentryrules.com)

Almost a quarter (23.3%) of Health and Care Worker applications were refused, up from 17.4%. Skilled Worker refusals moved the other way, falling from 15.4% to 9.0%. Combined, the two routes had a refusal rate of 14.7%, in line with the 15% the Home Office reports for them.

Almost two in three (63.1%) EU Settlement Scheme family permit applications were refused, the highest rate of any large visa type.

Student visa statistics

UK student visas

The UK granted 383,455 sponsored study visas in the year ending June 2026, 11% fewer than the previous year. Main applicants fell by 12% to 365,868.

(Source: Home Office)

Chinese and Indian nationals together received almost half (46%) of all sponsored study visas issued to main applicants. Visas for Pakistani students fell by almost half (47%) in the latest year, and for Indian students by around a sixth (16%).

Most students (62%) come to the UK to study for a master’s degree. Master’s level visas fell by a quarter (25%) from 311,286 in the year ending March 2023 to 234,992 in the year ending March 2026.

The January 2024 rule that stopped most taught course students bringing dependants had a large effect. Dependant grants in the year ending June 2026 were 89% below their peak.

Graduate route extensions, which let students stay to work after their degree, fell by 39% to 157,356. Grants to Graduate route dependants fell by 81%.

US student visas

(Source: US Department of State, Table XV(B))

F1 issuance fell by a tenth (10.0%) in fiscal year 2024. Over the same year, 278,553 F1 applications ended the year refused.

The fall continued in 2025. The State Department resumed publishing monthly visa statistics in August 2026 after an 11 month gap. Analyses of that data by Inside Higher Ed and ICEF Monitor found new student visas fell by 23% in calendar year 2025, and F1 visas by around a third. These are third party calculations from State Department data.

Work visa statistics

UK work visas

(Source: Home Office)

The fall in Health and Care Worker visas is the largest change in the UK system.

(Source: Home Office. Main applicant change calculated by visaentryrules.com)

Care worker visas fell by more than 99% after overseas recruitment of care workers ended in July 2025. Nurse visas fell by 95%. Medical practitioners now account for 59% of Health and Care Worker visas.

Dependants make up almost four in five (79%) Health and Care Worker visas. The Home Office suggests many are family members of workers who were sponsored before the July 2025 changes.

Applications have fallen faster than grants. Combined applications for the Skilled Worker and Health and Care Worker routes fell from 509,075 in the year ending December 2023 to 114,466 in the year ending June 2026, a fall of more than three quarters (77.5%).

On the Skilled Worker route, IT professionals remain the most common occupation, with 4,674 main applicant visas. Food preparation and hospitality visas fell by 76% to 528 after more than 100 occupations became ineligible on 22 July 2025.

US work visas

(Source: US Department of State, Table XV(B). Changes calculated by visaentryrules.com)

H2A seasonal farm worker visas were the largest US work category in fiscal year 2024, ahead of H1B. H2A issuance has grown every year since 2020, up by almost half (47.8%) over the period.

H1B visas fell by around a sixth (17.4%) in 2024. Visas for H1B spouses and children (H4) fell by a quarter (25.1%) to 139,874.

TN visas more than halved. Canadian citizens usually get TN status at the border without a visa, so these figures mainly reflect Mexican professionals.

H1B rules have changed since these figures were collected. A weighted selection process took effect on 27 February 2026. A $100,000 fee on some new H1B petitions, introduced by proclamation in September 2025, was not being collected as at September 2026 following court rulings. Check US Citizenship and Immigration Services for the current position before reporting on it.

Family and partner visa statistics

UK family visas

(Source: Home Office)

Partner visas make up around two thirds of UK family visas. Grants rose between 2021 and 2024, including a temporary rise before the minimum income requirement for UK sponsors increased from £18,600 to £29,000 in April 2024. They fell after the change and have since stabilised.

Refugee Family Reunion grants fell by almost two fifths (38%) after new applications were suspended on 4 September 2025.

Pakistani nationals received the most family visas (8,251), and more than 80% of these were partner visas. US nationals were second. Almost all (94%) of their family visas were partner visas, and their total rose by 16% while most other large nationalities fell.

Family extensions inside the UK rose by almost half (46%) to 82,400, as people who arrived on partner visas from late 2021 onwards applied to extend.

US fiancé(e) visas

(Source: US Department of State, Table XV(B). Changes calculated by visaentryrules.com)

K1 fiancé(e) visas more than doubled in fiscal year 2024. Most US spouses immigrate on immigrant visas (CR1 and IR1), which are counted separately from these nonimmigrant figures.

Visitor visas and travel authorisations

UK

(Source: Home Office)

The UK now grants around ten ETAs for every visitor visa. The Home Office says visitor visa numbers remain below 2019 partly because some nationalities that used to need a visa, such as Saudi Arabia, can now use an ETA. It also notes that some nationalities, including Jordan and Colombia, now need a visa.

The ETA costs £20 and allows multiple visits over two years or until the passport expires. The fee rose from £16 on 8 April 2026.

How ETAs and new visa rules changed UK visitor visa numbers

(Source: Home Office, Vis_D02, calendar years)

Saudi visitor visas fell from more than 120,000 in 2019 to 467 in 2025, around a 260th of their earlier level. Turkish visitor visas almost tripled over the same period, making Turkey the third largest nationality for UK visitor visas.

US

(Source: US Department of State, Table XV(B))

US B1/B2 visitor visas doubled between fiscal years 2022 and 2024 (up 101.3%) and rose by a tenth (10.1%) in 2024 alone.

What happens after a visa is granted

The Home Office’s Migrant journey report tracks what visa holders do next.

(Source: Home Office, Migrant journey: 2025 report)

People who arrive on a family visa are the most likely to settle. More than half (58%) held indefinite leave to remain after five years, rising to four in five (81%) after ten.

Students are staying longer than they used to. Of the 179,161 people who started on a sponsored study visa in 2020, two in five (41%) still held permission to stay five years later. A quarter (26%) of that group had moved onto a work route, compared with 3% to 4% of students who arrived between 2011 and 2015.

(Source: Home Office)

What is changing

These changes will affect the next sets of figures. All are as at September 2026.

UK. Overseas recruitment of care workers ended in July 2025. More than 100 occupations stopped being eligible for the Skilled Worker route on 22 July 2025. New Refugee Family Reunion applications were suspended from 4 September 2025. The next quarterly release covers the year ending September 2026.

US. Romania joined the Visa Waiver Program in March 2025, which should reduce Romanian visa numbers. The fiscal year 2025 Report of the Visa Office is still to be published. Fiscal year 2026 ends on 30 September 2026.

UK and US visa statistics FAQs

How many visas does the UK issue each year?

In the year ending June 2026, the UK granted 2.2 million visitor visas, 19,684 transit visas and 727,487 visas for work, study, family and other reasons. It also granted 23.2 million ETAs.

How many US visas are issued each year?

The US issued 10,969,936 nonimmigrant visas in fiscal year 2024. This count includes border crossing cards. Immigrant visas, for people moving to the US permanently, are counted separately.

Which nationality gets the most US visas?

Mexican nationals received 2,408,789 US nonimmigrant visas in fiscal year 2024, more than one in five of the total. India (1,374,775) and Brazil (1,172,518) were second and third.

Which nationality gets the most UK visitor visas?

Indian nationals received 514,398 UK visitor visas in the year ending June 2026. Chinese nationals were second with 474,039.

What is the US visa refusal rate for India?

The adjusted refusal rate for Indian B visa applicants was 22.04% in fiscal year 2025, up from 16.32% in fiscal year 2024.

What is the US visa refusal rate for Nigeria?

The adjusted refusal rate for Nigerian B visa applicants was 57.00% in fiscal year 2025, up from 46.51% in fiscal year 2024.

What is the UK visitor visa refusal rate?

visaentryrules.com calculates that 20.3% of UK visitor visa decisions were refusals in the year ending June 2026, up from 19.8% a year earlier. In 2019 the rate was 12.3%.

What is the UK visitor visa refusal rate for India, Pakistan and Nigeria?

In the year ending June 2026, the UK visitor refusal rate was 17.8% for Indian applicants, 43.2% for Pakistani applicants and 37.7% for Nigerian applicants.

Do you get your money back if a UK visa is refused?

No. Visitor visa fees are not refunded when an application is refused. visaentryrules.com estimates that refused UK visitor applicants paid at least £70.9 million in fees in the year ending June 2026.

Which country has the highest US visa refusal rate?

Laos had the highest adjusted B visa refusal rate in fiscal year 2025, at 84.35%, followed by Somalia (83.52%) and South Sudan (76.09%).

How many H1B visas are issued each year?

The State Department issued 219,659 H1B visas in fiscal year 2024, down from 265,777 in fiscal year 2023. The annual H1B cap of 65,000, plus 20,000 for US master’s graduates, applies to new petitions, not to visa issuance.

How many UK work visas were issued?

The UK granted 234,841 work visas, including dependants, in the year ending June 2026. That is 18% fewer than the previous year and 62% below the peak in the year ending December 2023.

Why are UK care worker visas falling?

Overseas recruitment of care workers ended in July 2025. Health and Care Worker visas for care workers fell from 107,772 in the year ending December 2023 to 344 in the year ending June 2026.

Does a refusal rate show how hard it is to get a visa?

Not on its own. A refusal rate reflects who applied as well as how applications were assessed. Where most nationals can travel without a visa, the people who apply are a small and different group.

Sources and methodology

How the figures were compiled

UK figures come from the Home Office release Immigration system statistics, year ending June 2026, published on 27 August 2026. It is an Accredited Official Statistics release. “Year ending June 2026” means 1 July 2025 to 30 June 2026. The Home Office counts each visa granted, so one person granted two visas counts twice.

UK refusal rates come from the Home Office’s detailed dataset, Entry clearance visa applications and outcomes (Vis_D02), year ending June 2026. visaentryrules.com checked its totals against the published summary figures before using it. Refusal rates are refused applications divided by issued plus refused, excluding withdrawn and lapsed applications. The latest two quarters of data are provisional. Nationality tables only include nationalities above the stated minimum number of decisions, so a small number of refusals cannot produce a misleading rate. The fee estimate multiplies visitor refusals by £127, the lowest standard visitor fee in force during the period.

US figures come from the State Department’s Report of the Visa Office 2024, its NIV workload table and its adjusted B visa refusal rates for fiscal years 2024 and 2025. The US fiscal year runs from 1 October to 30 September. Issuance figures include border crossing cards unless stated.

Where visaentryrules.com has calculated a share, ratio or change, the source line under the table says so. Percentage point changes are the difference between two refusal rates. The median refusal rate and the count of nationalities above 50% exclude 16 very small states: Andorra, Kiribati, Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Monaco, Nauru, North Korea, Palau, Papua New Guinea, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Solomon Islands, Timor Leste, Tuvalu and Vatican City. The count of 142 rising rates covers all 198 nationalities listed.

US “share refused” figures divide refusals by issued plus refused applications. They are not the State Department’s adjusted refusal rate, which counts each applicant once.

How to cite this page

Please credit visaentryrules.com and link to this page when you use a figure we calculated. For official figures, cite the original release, for example “Home Office, Immigration system statistics, year ending June 2026” or “US Department of State, Report of the Visa Office 2024, Table XVII”.

Source(s) used

1. 1. • Home Office: Summary of latest statistics, year ending June 2026. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/immigration-system-statistics-year-ending-june-2026/summary-of-latest-statistics
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      • Home Office: Immigration and nationality fees, 8 April 2026. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/visa-regulations-revised-table/home-office-immigration-and-nationality-fees-8-april-2026
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      • US Department of State: Table XVII, Nonimmigrant Visas Issued by Nationality, FY2015 to 2024. https://travel.state.gov/content/dam/visas/Statistics/AnnualReports/FY2024AnnualReport/Table%20XVII.pdf
      • US Department of State: Worldwide NIV Workload by Visa Category, FY2024. https://travel.state.gov/content/dam/visas/Statistics/Non-Immigrant-Statistics/NIVWorkload/FY%202024NIVWorkloadbyVisaCategory.pdf
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      • US Department of State: Adjusted refusal rates, B visas, FY2025. https://travel.state.gov/content/dam/visas/Statistics/Non-Immigrant-Statistics/RefusalRates/FY25.pdf
      • US Department of State: Calculation of the adjusted visa refusal rate. https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/legal/visa-law0/visa-statistics/nonimmigrant-visa-statistics/nonimmigrant-b-visa-adjusted-refusal-rates-by-nationality.html
      • Congressional Research Service: Visa Waiver Program. https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/RL32221
      • Federal Register: Designation of Israel for the Visa Waiver Program. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/09/29/2023-21574/designation-of-israel-for-the-visa-waiver-program
      • US Embassy in Romania: Designation of Romania into the Visa Waiver Program. https://ro.usembassy.gov/secretary-mayorkas-and-secretary-blinken-announce-designation-of-romania-into-the-visa-waiver-program/
      • Inside Higher Ed: New student visas dropped 23% in 2025. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/global/international-students-us/2026/08/26/new-student-visas-dropped-23-2025
      • ICEF Monitor: US Department of State issued 23% fewer study visas in 2025. https://monitor.icef.com/2026/08/us-department-of-state-issued-23-fewer-study-visas-to-international-students-in-2025/